International Conference on Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Medicine May 30-31, 2019 Istanbul, Turkey

Fetal and perinatal pathology is taken to include embryonic, fetal, perinatal and neonatal pathology. It is an examination or clinical investigations of mid-trimester abortuses and for placenta.  It’s recommended that placentas be examined from all stillbirths, multiple pregnancies, low birth weight and small-for-gestational age babies and abnormal pregnancies. Immune hydrops is generally diagnosed antenatally and the autopsy commonly provides confirmation and documentation of the extent of cardiovascular compromise. In cases of unexplained non-immune hydrops, significant structural abnormalities have usually been excluded by tertiary referral ultrasound examination and in this setting the role of the autopsy is primarily to identify undetected abnormalities, such as congenital cardiac disease, and, more commonly, to facilitate ancillary investigations for the detection of underlying pathologies which are non-detectable sonographically, such as inherited metabolic disorders and a wide range of genetic syndromes.

·         Fetal & Neonatal Monitoring

·         Developmental care and Advances in neonatal care

·         The Perinatal Necropsy

·         Liver Disorders in Childhood

·         Prenatal diagnosis and Diseases of Infection

·         Genetic counselling and Chromosome disorders

·         Congenital heart disease

Human fetal development during the fetal period (weeks 9 to 37) following fertilization. The long fetal period (embryonic period) is a time of extensive growth in mass and size as well as ongoing differentiation of organ systems established in the time of embryonic period. Clinically this time of period is generally defined as the Second Trimester and Third Trimester. Generally many of the critical measurements of growth are now carried out by ultrasound and this period ends at birth. The embryonic period grow and differentiate further during the fetal period and do so at different times. And also consider the systems (respiratory, cardiac, and neural) that will still not have their final organization and function determined until after birth.

·         Fertilization

·         Fetal Growth from 1st to 38 or 40 week

·         Development of the Human Fetal  Brain

·         Gene Regulatory

·         Cell Fate Decisions During the Early Embryonic Development

·         Embryonic and fetal hormones

·         Fetal Respiratory and Fetal Renal

Now recent trend is non-invasive technique in fetal diagnosis and therapy, to promote the progress of perinatal medicine without damaging the fetus. Generally Amniocentesis are used to collect the amniotic fluid for the diagnosis of  physical and chemical properties of the fluid will be replaced by ultrasonic tissue characterization, and non-invasive diagnosis is also useful for the repeated tests. Furthermore, genetic fetal diagnosis is performed by the test of maternal peripheral blood in NIPT, instead of the amniocentesis. And Non-invasive fetal therapy was a dream in the past, and it is real at present by the HIFU technology.

·         External and Internal Heart Rate Monitoring of the Fetus

·         Anatomy of the fetus

·         Amniotic fluid and Antepartum testing

·         Fetal echocardiography and Ultrasonography

·         Chorionic villus sampling and fetoscopy

·         fluorescence polarization and lecithin:sphingomyelin (LS)

·         RhoGam

Far from being a passive organ, the placenta plays a critical role in orchestrating the sequence and intensity of a series of complex maternal–fetal interactions. In essence, the placenta is of dual origin, comprised of both fetally- and maternally derived cells. The decidua, often referred to as the maternal compartment, forms the most superficial layer surrounding the placenta and is densely packed with maternal immune cells. Below this, a layer of fetally derived trophoblast cells secretes hormones and endocrine factors that support both fetal and maternal health. Lastly, maternal bloods, descending from decidual spiral arteries, and fetal blood, rising through the umbilical arteries, converge in the villous spaces of what is known as the labyrinth layer, in mice, or the chorionic villi, in humans. Here, maternal and fetal blood flow countercurrently and are separated by two layers of fetal trophoblast cells, the syncytiotrophoblasts and the so-called mononuclear trophoblasts, in mice, or villous cytotrophoblasts, in humans.

·         Regulators of early pregnancy

·         Immune homeostasis in the uterus and pregnancy complications

·         Maternal and reproductive health

·         Fetal resource acquisition via the placenta

·         Effects of maternal obesity on fetal growth

·         Placental protection of the fetal brain during short-term food deprivation

A high-risk pregnancy is one that threatens the life of the mother and her fetus. Some pregnancies become more high risk as they progress, while women’s are at increased risk for complications even before they get pregnant for a some variety of reasons. Early and regular prenatal care can helps many women have healthy pregnancies and deliveries without complications. Many Risk factors for a high-risk pregnancy can include: Existing health conditions, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, or being HIV-positive1, Obesity and overweight. Obesity increases the risk for high blood pressure, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, stillbirth, neural tube defects, and caesarean delivery.

·         Maternal Age and Preeclampsia

·         Gestational diabetes and Lifestyle Factors

·         Preventing and Treating Pregnancy Complications

·         Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

·         Reproductive abnormalities and Previous uterine surgery

·         Multiple-birth pregnancies

Multiple births such are much more common today than they were in the past. There are many multiple births today in part because more women are taking infertility treatment, which carries a risk of multiple pregnancies. However, according to current research Guidelines Number of Embryos are Transferred, and the number of treatment-related pregnancies with triplets or more has decreased dramatically. And also, most of the women’s are waiting until later in life to attempt pregnancy, and older women are more likely than younger women to get pregnant with multiples, especially with fertility treatment. Although major medical advances have improved the advanced techniques of multiple births, and associated significant medical risks and complications of the mother and children.

·         The “Vanishing Twin Syndrome”

·         Number of Embryos to Transfer

·         Multifetal Pregnancy Reduction and natural factors

·         Multiple Gestations and Assisted Reproductive Technology

·         Multiple Gestation and Adverse out comes

·         Newborn Multiples and Risks Linked With Twin Births

·         Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome

Caesarean section can be a lifesaving procedure in some circumstances.  Other advantages of a planned caesarean section compared with a spontaneous vaginal birth include reduced risk of labour-related morbidities for the baby and reduced risk of vaginal injuries for the mother. It is also associated with a reduced long-term risk of pelvic floor disorders, such as stress incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse although pregnancy itself is a risk factor for these and caesarean section may not protect against them. The most common reason for a caesarean section is a previous caesarean section. Planned caesarean sections are also performed because of risks from vaginal birth to the mother or the baby, or because the mother requests one (that is, for non-medical purposes).

·         Maternal mortality and mode of delivery

·         Evidence-based strategies for reducing cesarean section

·         Maternity Safety and Quality in Cesarean Delivery

·         Vaginal births after caesarean section

·         Implementation and Monitoring

·         National Safety and Quality Health Service Standards

Kangaroo mother care, sometimes called skin-to-skin care; it is a technique of newborn care where babies kept skin-to-skin with a parent, typically their mother. It is most commonly used for low birth-weight preterm babies, who are more suffer from hypothermi           a, then need to admitted in neonatal unit to keep the baby warm and support early breastfeeding. Kangaroo mother care reducing both infant mortality and the risk of hospital-acquired infection, and increasing rates of breastfeeding and weight gain. Skin-to-skin care is used to describe the technique of placing full-term newborns very soon after birth on the bare chest of their mother or father. This also improves rates of breastfeeding and can also lead to improved stability of the heart and breathing rate of the baby.

·         Benefits of kangaroo mother care

·         Kangaroo Mother Care implementation

·         Supplementary Materials

·         Skin–to–skin contact, breastfeeding

·         Clothing and positioning during kangaroo mother care

·         Kangaroo mother care to prevent neonatal deaths

Women who are giving breastfeeding they should eat a well-balanced diet and drink enough liquids. Although shedding Women will get extra pounds gained during pregnancy may be one of your biggest concerns, strict weight-loss plans are not recommended, especially during the first few months of breastfeeding. 

Breast milk contains neurotrophins (molecules that promote nerve cell growth, function and survival) that will helps to baby growth.

• Dietary restrictions for pregnant and lactating women
• Neurotrophins
• Nutrition interventions in neonates, infants and children
• Effects of lactation on the mother
• Effects of the maternal diet on milk quality

The objective of nursing care is to improve the health, maintain and quality of life and subsistence of patients and to provide treatments to and reduce the troubles of stable patients. Nursing services are provided to patients who cannot cope independently because of various health problems and disabilities resulting from chronic illnesses. Many of nursing services are provided to patients in hospitals, care institutions or at home according to their needs. School health services are also provided to school pupils.

·         Mother & Baby Care

·         Legal Nurse Consultants

·         Nursing care and midwifery care

·         Compassion in practice

·         Components of Public Health Nursing and Midwifery

·         Post Natal Home Help

Congenital anomalies are important causes of childhood deaths and infant, chronic illness and disability. Through the resolution on birth defects of the Sitxty-third World Health Assembly (2011), Member States agreed to promote primary prevention and improve the health of children with congenital anomalies by: developing and strengthening registration and surveillance systems, strengthening research and studies on etiology, diagnosis and prevention on developing expertise and building capacity, promoting international cooperation.

·         Causes and risk factors of Congenital Anomalies

·         Pregnancy, Delivery, and Neonatal Complications

·         Complications in Pregnancy, Labour, and Delivery and Aboriginal Women

·         Association of preterm birth with brain malformations

·         Congenital anomalies (birth defects) Diagnosis and Management

·         Preterm Birth Related to Maternal Illnesses

Neonatal surgery is recognized as an independent discipline in general surgery, and requiring the expertise of pediatric surgeons to optimizing outcomes in infants with surgical conditions. Survival neonatal surgery has improved dramatically in the past 65 years. Improvements in Survival pediatric surgical outcomes are in part attributable to improved understanding of neonatal physiology, specialized pediatric anesthesia, neonatal critical care including sophisticated cardiopulmonary support, utilization of adjustments in fluid management, parenteral nutrition, refinement of surgical technique, and advances in surgical technology including minimally invasive options.

·         Epidural analgesia for major neonatal surgery

·         Complications in head and neck surgery

·         Complications in pediatric enteral and vascular access

·         Early mortality after neonatal surgery

·         Parents’ experiences of neonatal surgery

·         Factors associated with neonatal ostomy complications

The birth of a baby is a wonderful and very complex process. In part of that physical and emotional changes occur for mother and baby. A baby must make many of physical adjustments to life outside the mother's body. Before birth, eating, breathing, elimination of waste, and immunologic protection all came from the mother. When a baby enters the world, many body systems should change dramatically from the way they functioned during fetal life: The lungs should breathe air, the cardiopulmonary circulation changes will occur; the digestive system also must begin to process food and excrete waste. The kidneys must begin work to balance fluids and chemicals in the body and excrete waste.

·         Perinatal Nurses/Nurse Practitioners

·         Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and treatments

·         Clinical information management in the hospital

·         Support for therapeutic decision making and improved safety

·         Neonatal Intensive Care Nurse

·         Neonatal Nurse Specialist Career

Immunization means protection from bacteria and viruses. The most effective and safe way to protect children from contagious diseases is by vaccination only.  Vaccines are considered a breakthrough in preventive medicines. Vaccines protect child’s health by preventing from contracting severe contagious diseases. All routine vaccines given at Tipat Halav family care centres and at schools is free of charge.

·         Vaccinations in Infants and Children

·         Immunization Before Pregnancy

·         Vaccination Guidelines and Infant childhood immunization

·         Side Effects of Vaccines and drugs

·         Vaccinations in series and Tests for Mother

·         Medical Care and up to 1- to 3-Month-Old

Neonatal sepsis remains a feared cause of morbidity and mortality in the neonatal time of the period. Neonatal, Maternal, and environmental factors are associated with risk of infection, and a combination of prevention strategies and early initiation of therapy are required to prevent adverse outcomes. The following chapter reviews recent trends in epidemiology, and provides an update on risk factors, diagnostic methods and management of neonatal sepsis. Antibiotics can effective for neonatal infections, especially when the pathogen is quickly identified. Instead of relying solely on many of culturing techniques, pathogen identification has improved substantially with advancing technology; however, neonate mortality reduction has not kept pace and remains 25% to 50%. While preterm neonates are particularly high risk, all neonates can develop infection.

·         Epidemiology of neonatal sepsis

·         mother to child transmission Infectious Diseases

·         Risk factors for neonatal infection

·         Clinical evaluation of Infectious Diseases

·         Antibiotics in Neonates

·         clinical indicators of possible infection

·         Duration of antibiotic treatment

The adaptation from intrauterine to extra uterine life involves a rapid and complex orchestration of physiologic changes. Within a minute of life, the newly born infant is subjected to multiple unfamiliar stimuli such as light, cold and noise compared with the dark, warm environment of intrauterine life. In addition, the infant should make the transition from dependence on placental gas exchange to spontaneous air breathing and pulmonary gas exchange. Most of this transition occurs without difficulty. However, multiple maternal, placental, mechanical, and fetal conditions exist that can jeopardize a smooth transition and signal the need for the intervention. It is generally estimated that 6% to 13% of newly born infants will require some degree of active resuscitation for this transition to occur.

·         The physiology of the first breath

·          New-born Respiratory Disorders

·         Neonatal Chronic lung disease

·         current guidelines for neonatal resuscitation

·         Neonatal resuscitation supplies and equipment

·         The Physiology of Transition

Mainly neonatal care technology should enable caregivers to deliver life-sustaining, non-invasive, developmental care to neonates. The main goal is to provide a quiet and serene environment to protect developing eyes and ears while keeping body temperatures stable. Tele-echocardiography is the potential to bring real-time diagnoses to neonatal facilities without in-house pediatric cardiologists. Many neonates in rural places, smaller cities, and community hospitals do not have immediate access to pediatric sonographers or echocardiogram interpretation by pediatric cardiologists. This can be resulting in suboptimal echocardiogram quality, delay in initiation of medical intervention, unnecessary patient transport, and increased medical expenditures.

·         Neonatal Cardiac Surgery

·         Cardiac emergencies in neonates and young infants

·         Basics of Functional Echocardiography in Children

·         Low Cardiac Output Syndrome

·         Assessment and Diagnosis

·         Pediatric cardiology and the newborn

Preconceptional health or fertility has been shown to be an important determinant of fertility, fecundity and perinatal outcomes. In recent days the impact of periconceptional factors on developmental programming, and the health of the resultant baby have become increasingly clear. Since fertility specialists care for couples during this critical phase, they have an only unique opportunity to collaborate with the couple to optimise preconceptional health and thus fertility and pregnancy outcomes. Preconception care and counselling is given by Gynaecologist about nutritional habits, medical conditions, and about any factors that could be preventing of getting pregnancy.

·         effective Preconception Care

·         In vitro fertilisation (IVF)

·         preconception and supplement for  Preconception

·         Ayurvedic Guide to Fertility

·         Spiritual Side of Fertility

·         Laproscopy & Hysteroscopy

Endometriosis and adenomyosis are characterized by the presence of ectopic endometrium, but also associated with the functional and structural changes in the eutopic endometrium and inner myometrium. Alterations in the inner myometrium occurring in women with adenomyosis and endometriosis may be at the root of a defective remodeling of the myometrial spiral arteries from the onset of decidualization and increased risk of defective deep placentation. The major association of obstetrical syndromes are different types of defective remodelling of the myometrial spiral arteries has been well documented.

·         cause of major obstetrical syndromes

·         Identification,  monitoring and prevention of the Obstetric Syndromes

·         Prevention and management of postpartum haemorrhage

·         Identification and monitoring of the Obstetric Syndromes

·         Anaphylactoid syndrome of pregnancy (aka AFE)

The increasing rate of maternal obesity is provides a major challenge to obstetric practice. Maternal obesity can also result in negative outcomes for both women and fetuses. The maternal risks during pregnancy include preeclampsia, and gestational diabetes. Mainly the fetus is at risk for stillbirth and congenital anomalies. Obesity in pregnancy cans effects on health later in life for both mother and child. For women, this type of risks includes heart disease and hypertension. At that time Children have a risk of future obesity and heart disease. Women and their offspring are at increased risk for diabetes and other endocrinal problems.

·         Perinatal outcomes of maternal overweight

·         obesity in term infants

·         Impact of Maternal Obesity on Fetal Health

·         Mechanism of Action of Obesity on Fetal Growth

·         Hormonal Imbalance

Patients with renal failure on new anticoagulants drugs have experienced to excessive bleeding which can be related to a changed pharmacokinetic profile of the compounds. Then the coagulation system itself, even without any interference of coagulation modifying drugs, it is already profoundly changed during renal failure. Coagulation disorders with either episodes of severe bleeding or thrombosis represent a main important cause for the morbidity and mortality of such patients. The underlying reasons for these coagulation disorders involve the changing interaction of different components of the coagulation system such as the platelets and the vessel wall in the metabolic conditions and the coagulation cascade of renal failure.

·         Risk Factors in Chronic Kidney Disease in Neonatal

·         Blood clotting disorders

·         Facts about clotting disorders

·         Diagnosis and treatment

·         Nephrotic Syndrome and its types

·         Neonatal hypertension: diagnosis and management

Inherited metabolic disorders are mainly genetic conditions that result in metabolism problems. Most of the people with inherited metabolic disorders have a defective gene that results in an enzyme deficiency. There are many of different genetic metabolic disorders, and their symptoms, treatments, and prognoses of vary widely. Due to the Metabolic Problems in New born will get genetic disorders like Down syndrome, physically handicapped.

·         symptoms of inherited metabolic disorders

·         Genetic Metabolic Disorders in the Newborn

·         Metabolic Disorders Associated With Neonatal Hypoglycemia

·         Diagnosis of Inherited Metabolic Disorders

·         Treatment of Inherited Metabolic Disorders

·         Initial management of suspected metabolic disease

The neonatal period comprises the first four weeks of life. That is a period of adaptation where the skin often presents many changes: resulting from a physiological response, transient lesions, others as a consequence of transient diseases and some as markers of severe disorders. However, generally the majority of neonatal skin pustules are not infectious, comprising the benign neonatal pustulosis. Benign neonatal pustuloses are a group of clinical disease that is characterized by pustular eruptions in which a contagious agent is not responsible for its etiology. The most famous one is erythema toxicum neonatorum, and the transient neonatal pustular melanosis and the benign cephalic pustulosis.

·         Skin Physiology of the Neonate and Infant

·         newborn skin care and prevention

·         Family history of eczema, asthma

·         Babies and Skin Allergies

·         Neonatal skin pustules

·         Transient neonatal pustular melanosis